Java Tutorial: Operators, Types of Operators & Expressions in Java

• An operator is a symbol that the compiler to perform a specific operation on operands.
• Example :  a + b = c
• In the above example, 'a' and 'b' are operands on which the '+' operator is applied.

Types of operators :

1. Arithmetic Operators :

   • Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations such as addition, division, etc on expressions.
   • Arithmetic operators cannot work with Booleans.
   • % operator can work on floats and doubles.
   • Let x=7 and y=2
     

     Operator	Description	Example
     + (Addition)	Used to add two numbers	x + y = 9
     - (Subtraction)	Used to subtract the right-hand side value from the left-hand side value	x - y = 5
     * (Multiplication)	Used to multiply two values.	x * y = 14
     / (Division)	Used to divide left-hand Value by right-hand value.	x / y = 3
     % (Modulus)	Used to print the remainder after dividing the left-hand side value from the right-hand side value.	x % y = 1
     ++ (Increment)	Increases the value of operand by 1.	x++ = 8
     -- (Decrement)	Decreases the value of operand by 1.	y-- =  1

2. Comparison Operators :

   • As the name suggests, these operators are used to compare two operands.
   • Let x=7 and y=2
     
     

     Operator	Description	Example
     == (Equal to)	Checks if two operands are equal. Returns a boolean value.	x == y --> False
     != (Not equal	Checks if two operands are not equal. Returns a boolean value.	x != y --> True
     > (Greater than)	Checks if the left-hand side value is greater than the right-hand side value. Returns a boolean value.	x > y --> True
     < (Less than)	Checks if the left-hand side value is smaller than the right-hand side value. Returns a boolean value.	x < y --> False
     >=(Greater than or equal to)	Checks if the left-hand side value is greater than or equal to the right-hand side value. Returns a boolean value.	x >= y --> True
     <= (Less than or equal to)	Checks if the left-hand side value is less than or equal to the right-hand side value. Returns a boolean value.	x <= y -->False

3. Logical Operators :

   • These operators determine the logic in an expression containing two or more values or variables.
   • Let x = 8 and y =2
     

     && (logical and)	Returns true if both operands are true.	x<y && x!=y --> True
     || (logical or)	Returns true if any of the operand is true.	x<y && x==y --> True
     ! (logical not)	Returns true if the result of the expression is false and vice-versa	!(x<y && x==y) --> False

4. Bitwise Operators :

   • These operators perform the operations on every bit of a number.
   • Let x =2 and y=3. So 2 in binary is 100, and 3 is 011. 
     
     

     Operator	Description	Example
     & (bitwise and)	1&1 =1, 0&1=0,1&0=0,1&1=1, 0&0 =0	(A & B) = (100 & 011) = 000
     | (bitwise or)	1&0 =1, 0&1=1,1&1=1, 0&0=0	(A | B)  = (100 | 011 ) = 111
     ^ (bitwise XOR)	1&0 =1, 0&1=1,1&1=0, 0&0=0	(A ^ B) = (100 ^ 011 ) = 111
     << (left shift)	This operator moves the value left by the number of bits specified.	13<<2 = 52(decimal)
     >> (right shift)	This operator moves the value left by the number of bits specified.	13>>2 = 3(decimal)

Precedence of operators

The operators are applied and evaluated based on precedence. For example, (+, -) has less precedence compared to (*, /). Hence * and / are evaluated first.

In case we like to change this order, we use parenthesis ().

Code as Described in the Video

package com.company;

public class CWH_Ch2_Operators {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1. Arithmetic Operators
        int a = 4;
        // int b = 6 % a; // Modulo Operator
        // 4.8%1.1 --> Returns Decimal Remainder

        // 2. Assignment Operators
        int b = 9;
        b *= 3;
        System.out.println(b);

        // 3. Comparison Operators
        // System.out.println(64<6);

        // 4. Logical Operators
        // System.out.println(64>5 && 64>98);
        System.out.println(64>5 || 64>98);

        // 5. Bitwise Operators
        System.out.println(2&3);
        //        10
        //        11
        //        ----
        //        10
    }
}

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